“Phishing” refers to an attempt to steal sensitive information, typically in the form of usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, bank account information, or other important data to utilize or sell the stolen information. By masquerading as a reputable source with an enticing request, an attacker lures in the victim to trick them, similarly to how a fisherman uses bait to catch a fish.
There are different phishing attack methods, like Email phishing, Spear Phishing, Smishing, Vishing etc.,
You can read the full article here https://us.norton.com/blog/online-scams/types-of-phishing written by Clare Stouffer